Nile Scene Fees on the frescoes and applied artifacts 4th century / AD 13th century

Reactions to the Prohibition of Wine, Drugs and Beard in Some Friendly Letters (Akhvaniat) of the 11th Century AH. / 17th Century AD.

Decrees on the prohibition of wine, drugs and beard shaving are among the most frequent social verdicts of the 11th century AH, which the quality of their execution is also mentioned in the historical sources of this period. Due to the silence of official sources about this case, the community’s point of view and public opinion about these decrees is ambiguous. The aim of this article is to ach...

Life is Movement (Aristotle, 4th century BC)

During our clinical or outpatient contacts we often tell patients with coronary heart disease that physical activity will lessen the burden of their disease, reduce their risk of mortality and enhance their quality of life. However, after delivering this one-liner we have no illusions that patients will start moving and stay active straight away. Many practical barriers deter them and behaviour...

A three-dimensional color space from the 13th century.

We present a new commentary on Robert Grosseteste's De colore, a short treatise that dates from the early 13th century, in which Grosseteste constructs a linguistic combinatorial account of color. In contrast to other commentaries (e.g., Kuehni & Schwarz, Color Ordered: A Survey of Color Order Systems from Antiquity to the Present, 2007, p. 36), we argue that the color space described by Grosse...

A Survey on the Principles and Techniques of Gynecology and Obstetrics Surgery in the Islamic Period (From the 3rd to the 12th Century AH. / 9th to 18th Century AD.)

Surgical science is one of the important aspects of traditional medicine in the Islamic period. By reviewing the compilations in the field of gynecology and obstetrics some common and well-documented principles can be traced that have been accepted by the majority of surgeons as the fixed rules. The extraction of these principles is the first issue and the examination of gynecological surgery t...

Introducing Books/Rhyming and Rational: A Comparative Reading of Two 13th-Century Persian Treatises on Poetry, Shaghayegh Aruji